What the test checks

The binomial test asks whether the observed success count is plausible if the true population proportion were p0p_0.

It is most useful for yes-or-no outcomes such as pass/fail, correct/incorrect, or click/no click.

Reading the p-value

  • A small p-value means the observed count would be unusual under the hypothesized proportion.
  • A large p-value means the sample is still compatible with that claim.
  • The exact test avoids the normal approximation when the sample is modest.